Natural Selection, Evolution, Mutation, Variation.
A gene is a long sequence of nucleotides on a DNA molecule. A mutation is a change in the amount of an organism’s genetic material and when a change in genotype produces a change in phenotype, the individual affected is said to be a mutant. A gene mutation involves a change in one or more of the nucleotides in a strand of DNA.
A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome. Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a person's lifetime.
Mutation is the change in genetic sequence that can also result in variation. But here variation does not necessarily mean that the resulted changes will get transferred to the upcoming generation or it will always be beneficial rather mutation can be either harmful, beneficial or neutral (i.e. neither it will harm any individual nor will be beneficial).
Role of Variation on Evolution: No two organisms or parts of an organism are precisely alike. We experience a particular man is different from others. A particular cow, sheep, or goat can be indentified in a herd. Thus, individuals of the species vary from one another in some way or other. Organisms have tendency to vary.
Genetic variations and Natural selection are two major forces that drive the evolutionary process. Genetic variations include variations in the genetic coding of a species both natural and unnatural when the species DNA changes differences between the individual species and that of a species of the same kind making it different than others that by genetics should be the same.
Depending on the category depends on the mutation. Some of the broader categories can be split into subcategories (Wikipedia, 2016). For example, Substitutions has three subcategories: Silent Mutations, Nonsense Mutations, and Missense Mutations. These mutations add, stop, and decrease the amount of amino acid that is used in a gene (Wikipedia.
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